Guides

Ancient Greek Wedding Cakes: Sesame and Honey Confectionery

A wedding in ancient Greece was a family ceremony, a religious passage and a public celebration. Food marked each stage, from offerings to the gods through to…

The Roman Trade in Black Pepper from India and Its Cost in Silver

Black pepper was one of the Roman world’s most recognisable luxuries, yet it was more than a finishing spice shaken over a dinner dish. Its movement from India…

Egyptian Duck and Goose Fat Rendering for Cooking and Cosmetics

In ancient Egypt, duck and goose were valuable birds, appearing in scenes of fowling, temple offerings, household meals, and elite banquets. Their meat…

How the Greeks Made Opson: Relishes, Sides, and Shared Taste

Ancient Greek meals were built around a simple distinction. Sitos meant the staple food, usually bread or another grain preparation, while opson referred to…

Roman Kitchen Gardens Through Pliny the Elder’s Eyes

A Roman kitchen garden was a productive space where food, medicine, scent and household identity met. In the writings of Pliny the Elder, the hortus appears as…

Etruscan spelt cultivation and its place in ancient Italian cuisine

Before Rome dominated the Italian peninsula, a sophisticated civilization flourished across central Italy, leaving behind frescoed tombs, golden jewelry, and a…

Recreating a Mesopotamian Red Wine of the Gods

A dark, fragrant drink made from grapes and dates offers a vivid way to explore ancient Mesopotamian foodways. The combination connects two important crops:…

Sun-dried octopus and sea urchin dishes from the Greek islands

Greek island cooking has always drawn its character from the sea, with fishermen and home cooks transforming modest catches into slow-stored provisions that…

Roman Cooking with Tallow and Lard in the Northern Provinces

The Roman conquest of Gaul, Britain, and the Rhineland brought Mediterranean culinary ideas into collision with the cooler, wetter landscapes of the northern…

Asafoetida, garum and the flavour of the ancient table

The use of asafoetida in Greco-Roman cooking as a garum substitute reveals how ancient cooks solved a practical problem: how to create savoury depth when a…